Bow legs, or genu varum, are a characteristic deformity of the lower limbs where they form an "O" shape. When the legs are straightened and the ankles are touching, the knees remain apart and curve outward. Bow legs can be caused by certain medical conditions but are often painless and have a good prognosis for treatment.

The preluksation examination is one of the most important screenings that should be performed within the first weeks of a child’s life. It usually takes a few to several minutes and is painless as well as non-invasive for the infant.

Jumper's knee is an injury characterized by pain in the anterior region of the knee at the point where the patellar tendon attaches to the patella. The patellar tendon connects the patella to the tibia and plays a crucial role in transmitting forces from the thigh muscles. This enables knee extension, running, jumping, and striking the ball during sports. Jumper's knee, or patellar tendonitis, is a...

Meniscus injuries are among the most common knee injuries. Young, active individuals engaged in sports are more prone to acute, mechanical injuries caused by sudden forces combined with knee twisting. Older individuals (40+) are more susceptible to meniscus issues due to degeneration and continuous strain.

Hip pain is an increasingly common reason for patients to visit orthopedic specialists, who use arthroscopy as a therapeutic tool. Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that safely relieves hip pain and addresses other issues within the hip joint. It allows for quicker post-operative recovery.

A wrist sprain is a very common injury. It primarily affects young individuals engaged in sports, especially extreme sports, and older people, who are more prone to such injuries during slips or falls on slippery surfaces. Wrist pain can result from stretching or tearing of ligaments. The most commonly injured ligaments are the scapholunate ligament and the lunotriquetral ligament.

A heel spur is an extra bony tissue visible on an X-ray as a bony projection or spur on the calcaneus (heel bone). This characteristic sharp bony outgrowth, extending from the heel tuberosity towards the front of the foot, results from prolonged inflammation of the plantar fascia. A heel spur can cause significant pain in the medial region of the calcaneus.

Elbow pain is a common condition that can affect people of all ages and result from various causes, such as injuries, overuse, or joint diseases. It manifests as discomfort or restricted movement, making daily activities difficult and reducing quality of life. Understanding the causes of pain and appropriate treatment is essential for effective recovery of functionality.

In ulnar groove syndrome, the ulnar nerve becomes chronically irritated in the groove of the nerve at the level of the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Irritation of the ulnar nerve in the ulnar groove is the second most common compression syndrome of the upper limb.

Thermolesion (ablation, thermoablation) is a modern method of treating chronic spine pain, utilizing electric current capable of conducting high-frequency radio waves ranging from 300 to 500 kHz. It is a proven method for pain management, such as knee pain or pain in its vicinity, significantly improving comfort for several months or even over a year. Pain reduction allows for the initiation of...

In modern and comprehensive physiotherapy, the use of dry needling is no longer a mere adjunct to manual therapy, but is becoming commonplace. It is a very effective method of treating musculo-fascial pain.

There are two types of sciatica: sciatica - associated with the lumbar part of the spine, and involving the cervical part - shoulder sciatica. Sciatica has a very unpleasant course, where intractable pain radiates from the lumbosacral region of the spine, through the buttock and the posterior surface of the lower limb to the foot. The pain, largely limiting daily activities, can appear suddenly or...

A periradicular cyst of the shoulder joint is not a common condition; it usually occurs in athletes, including amateurs, who work with the shoulder elevated, such as those who perform throws or work out in the gym.

Knee valgus is a condition in which the distal part of the limb is tilted to the side from the midline of the body. Then the lower limbs resemble the letter X, that is, the two knees meet, and there is a gap between the medial ankles. This distance under normal conditions should not exceed 5 cm. The mechanical axis then runs laterally from the center of the joint. A valgus greater than 10 degrees is...

Runner's knee is a broad term used to describe one of several conditions that cause pain in the patella area, most commonly seen in physically active people. It can be both pain in the anterior compartment of the knee, as well as the result of patellofemoral band syndrome. The cause of this type of injury is microtrauma to the knee, most often caused by running, jumping or any activity that...

Snapping hip, or Snapping Hip Syndrome (SHS), is a condition in which a person may hear a snapping sound or feel a "skip, or snap" in the joint when walking, standing up from a chair or rotating the leg. The sensation occurs when a muscle or tendon moves over a bony protrusion in the hip. Although it is usually painless and harmless, it can be annoying. Snapping hip syndrome, also known as dancer's...

The development of civilization has made it easier for people to function, but has also led to the development of new disease entities, such as the wrist ganglion described below. The profile of activity - and, consequently, the parts of the body most heavily engaged each day - has changed. Daily work in front of a computer, repeatedly hitting the keyboard or cash register, or playing sports (such as...

The Achilles tendon is a large set of fibers at the back of the ankle joint, the popular ankle, which connects the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel. It is responsible for the up and down movement of the foot, toe climbing and, most importantly, for efficient walking. Its rupture is a serious injury, and downplaying ailments in this area can have unpleasant consequences.

Arthroscopy is a type of surgery that involves inserting an arthroscope (a special multifunctional camera designed to work inside the joint) into the joint. Due to its small size, the skin incisions are a few millimeters long. This type of surgery allows the inside of the joint to be viewed in detail on a monitor allowing for a more accurate diagnosis as well as necessary repair procedures.

Spondylolysis is a condition that in the vast majority of cases is diagnosed in young and very physically active people. It practically does not occur in people who are not physically active, spending most of their time, for example, at the computer. This condition is due to the specific nature of movement, but also to the fact that the bone is not mature and is not as mechanically strong as we would...